ABRASION

Loss of hard dental tissues caused by external factors (diet, brushing teeth, but also bad habits such as biting hard objects – pencil, etc.)

ABSCESS

Inflammatory circumscribed cavity filled with pus

AFTHIA

Painful involvement of the mucous membrane of the lips, the edges of the tongue and the bottom of the oral cavity without a clear cause. Often caused by a minor injury, mucosal burn or immune disorder. The treatment is usually symptomatic (rubbing with disinfectant solutions, group B vitamins), it usually heals within a week.

ALVEOLITIS, ALVEOLITIS

Inflammation of the extraction bed. It most often occurs after the extraction of the lower wisdom teeth.

ACUTE PULPITIS

Irreversible inflammation of the dental pulp. A very painful condition where the patient is often unable to pinpoint the causative tooth. It starts with increased sensitivity to cold pain, gradually the pain becomes spontaneous, without irritation, analgesics take a limited time or almost not at all. It is always necessary to seek treatment from a dentist and carry out so-called endodontic treatment of the tooth, i.e. removal of the inflamed dental pulp of the causative tooth under local anesthesia, mechanical treatment and disinfection of the root canals and their filling.

TEETH WHITENING

The technique of lightening the shade of the patient's own teeth. Peroxide-based substances are used as active substances - hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, sodium perborate, etc. The principle of action is the breakdown of complex chemical compounds that cause tooth discoloration into simpler chemical compounds that are lighter at the same time.
It can be external (office/home) or internal (whitening of discolored teeth after endodontic treatment or after dental injuries)

BITE-WING

X-ray examination helping to detect interdental caries or caries under fillings, which are not normally detectable during clinical examination, when even 50% and more caries may remain undetected. It should be a regular part of preventive inspections at least once a year.

BRUXISM

Unconscious, non-physiological clenching and grinding of teeth during sleep, when excessive wear occurs. Secondary consequences can be disorders of the temporomandibular joints caused by muscle imbalance and changes in interjaw relationships. A common cause is stress. In therapy, in addition to unblocking stress factors, a protective splint is used to prevent excessive wear of the teeth, often a total reconstruction of the dentition is necessary with raising the bite and adjusting the interjaw relationships.

SENSITIVE TEETH NECKS

An unpleasant painful condition that is a frequent reason for a patient's visit to the dentist. The teeth are especially sensitive to cold, sweet, sour, cold air or during cleaning. The cause is usually exposed dental dentin with open dentinal tubules, when nerve endings are irritated. It often occurs with exposed tooth necks or inadequate fillings. The solution is either to make a filling or to use suitable toothpastes and mouthwashes containing active substances that reduce the sensitivity of the teeth, or to apply a protective varnish to the exposed dentin.

DENTIN

A synonym is dentition. It is the hard dental tissue that forms the largest part of the tooth. In the crown part of the teeth it is covered by enamel, at the root of the tooth it is covered by dental cement. Inside it there is a medullary cavity and root canals with neurovascular tissue.

DENTITIO DIFFICILIS

Difficulty cutting teeth, especially eights - the so-called wisdom teeth.

ENDODONTICS

Treatment of root canals – mechanical and chemical processing of the root system and its filling with gutta-percha and a so-called sealer. The reason for this treatment is inflammation of the dental pulp - pulpitis, or cyst - when the tooth is "dead".

EXTRUSION

Orthodontic displacement of the tooth outwards from the bed. The reason for this type of treatment is deep tooth fractures, which often reach below the level of the bone, so that the crown part can be treated and restored.

EXTRACTION

The surgical procedure, the removal of the tooth from the dental bed, is performed under local anesthesia.

FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE

Braces glued to the surface of the tooth for the entire period of orthodontic treatment. They are usually glued from the facial side, in recent years even systems of orthodontic appliances glued from the lingual side have been developed, such braces are de facto invisible.

FRENULECTOMY

A surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia in which the labial frenulum is removed.

GANGRENA OF THE Marrow

Infected pulp necrosis, the tooth smells after opening. For treatment, endodontic treatment of root canals, or extraction of the causative tooth, is necessary.

GINGIVECTOMY

Surgical removal of redundant gums - with a scalpel or high-frequency current under local anesthesia, often performed during prosthetic dental treatment. In addition to inflammation, a common cause is also the effect of certain drugs.

GINGIVITIS

Inflammation of the gums caused by insufficient dental hygiene. It is manifested by swelling and bleeding of the gums and their increased sensitivity to pain. Dental hygiene and the use of suitable toothbrushes are necessary for treatment.

GUTTA-PERCHA

A substance of natural origin related to rubber. In the form of gutta-percha plugs, it is used when filling root canals.

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

A substance often used in dentistry with a wide range of effects. The most widespread use is in the temporary treatment of root canals, where it is used as a healing root filling, and when covering the dental pulp in the treatment of deep caries.

HYPODONTIA

Reduced number of teeth caused by failure of the tooth germ to form. It most often affects wisdom teeth, upper lateral incisors and lower second premolars.

HYPERODONTICS

Increased number of teeth. Supernumerary teeth occur most often in the location between the upper central incisors - the so-called. mesiodens, or as "nines".

CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Inflammation of periodontal tissues that develops from untreated pulpitis or chronic tooth irritation or after an injury. It is asymptomatic, often discovered accidentally on an X-ray as a so-called pouch. In case of problems, the tooth is sensitive or painful when bitten or tapped, and may also manifest as a fistula or swelling. The therapy consists of endodontic treatment of root canals.

IMPLANTS

Replacement of a missing tooth, groups of teeth or the entire dental arch with dental implants. A dental implant consists of three parts - a fixture - a titanium part inserted into the bone, an abutment and a superstructure, i.e. most often a crown.

INCISION

Intersection of soft tissues by cutting with a scalpel, laser or high-frequency current.

CARCINOMA

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium with a very serious prognosis. In the oral cavity, it most often affects the tongue and adjacent mucous membranes and the mucous membranes of the jaw cavities.

WEDGE DEFECTS

Defects of the hard dental tissues of the cervical area of a wedge-shaped tooth. They are caused by the overloading of the affected tooth due to the irregular position and bite of the teeth, when the enamel and dentin are broken. The therapy consists in adjusting the bite, possibly covering the defect with a filling photocomposite material.

KOFFERDAM

An elastic membrane that serves to ensure an absolutely dry working field, i.e. isolating the treated teeth from the environment of the oral cavity. It is fixed to the teeth using a cofferdam clip and a frame, possibly other aids.

CURETAGE OF THE PERIODONTAL TRUNK

Cleaning the surface of the root from plaque, calculus and infected cement using special curettes in the treatment of periodontitis. This type of treatment is demanding to be performed correctly, which also depends on the success of the treatment.

ETCHING

Necessary preparation of hard dental tissues for the bonding of photocomposite materials. 35-37% orthophosphoric acid is used.

LEUKOPLAKIA

A white patch on the mucous membrane that cannot be wiped off, usually without subjective complaints. The cause is unknown, it is often a combination of chronic mechanical, thermal or chemical irritation. Smoking also plays a big role. It often occurs as a precancer. Excision with histopathological examination is necessary.

LINGUA GEOGRAPHICA / GLOSSITIS MIGRANS / MAP LANGUAGE

Affection of the mucous membrane of the tongue manifesting as migratory reddish patches with a whitish border, subjectively painless, or burning when eating or drinking. Familial occurrence is common. It does not require therapy.

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Local anesthesia of the treated area. The most widely used anesthetic is articaine or mepivacaine. It wears off according to the dose used within two hours of application.

MANDIBULAR ANESTHESIA

Seductive anesthesia on the mandibularis nerve. After its application, unilateral numbness of the teeth and tissues of the lower jaw and tongue occurs.

Marrow necrosis

Death of the dental pulp caused by decay, injury, chronic irritation or trauma during tooth preparation. The therapy is endodontic treatment of root canals.

NEURALGIA

Sudden paroxysmal severe pain in the area of peripheral nerve innervation, affecting especially the trigeminal nerve in the face - the trigeminal nerve.

BARE NECKS

Exposure of the hard dental tissues in the neck area of the tooth, which are normally covered by the gums. To a certain extent, in adulthood and old age, they are caused by natural atrophy of the periodontium, but a maximum of 2-3 mm. For non-physiological reasons, particularly periodontitis, inappropriate brushing technique with a hard brush, injury to the gums, high attachment of the frenulum and others are used.

ORTHODONTICS

The branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of orthodontic jaw and dental anomalies, i.e. anomalies in the number, position, inclination of individual teeth and groups of teeth and jawbones. It often requires an interdisciplinary approach.